Liver and biliary disorders

Healthy individuals produce bile in the liver, which is then transported to the duodenum via the bile ducts. A tumour or scarring following abdominal surgery can obstruct the flow of bile, which can lead to jaundice (icterus).

Minimally invasive techniques make it possible to puncture the bile ducts with a very thin needle and reduce the constriction of the bile ducts

• Using a balloon to widen or
• Using a small ‘tube’ (drainage) to divert bile into the duodenum.

These techniques can help some patients avoid surgery. They are used to stabilise other patients prior to surgery.